Intervista a Daniele Farina, Neonatologo, Direttore della Struttura Complessa di Neonatologia dell’Ospedale S. Anna di Torino
Buongiorno Dott. Farina, lei è un neonatologo, il Dottore dei bimbi piccoli.
Sì, e il mio è un lavoro bellissimo.
è vero che in tutto il mondo occidentale tanti neonati nascono prima del tempo, o comunque piccoli per la loro età gestazionale?
Sì, ma non si devono avere timori immotivati. In Italia circa il 5% dei bambini viene alla luce prima della 37ª settimana di gestazione: solo in questi casi si definisce prematuro un neonato. Negli ultimi 20 anni le probabilità di vita dei prematuri sono aumentate in modo estremamente significativo e sono progredite le tecniche di assistenza, sia della mamma con gravidanza difficile che dei bambini.
In Italia poi siamo (siete) molto bravi, vero? Sì. La Neonatologia e la Pediatria italiane sono all’avanguardia, e l’assistenza
è di altissimo livello in tutto il paese. La parte più grande del progresso consiste nell’aver messo i genitori al centro del percorso di cura: tenerli vicinissimi al loro piccolo 24 su 24, per tutta la durata della permanenza in terapia intensiva è indispensabile. I bambini vanno a casa prima e più sani. Lo sviluppo neurofisiologico e l’accrescimento sono sostanzialmente uguali a quello dei “colleghi” nati a termine, ma deve essere considerata l’età cronologica: se nasci due mesi prima, i parametri sono quelli dei bambini che hanno due mesi in meno.
Si ammalano di più?
Le visite di controllo neonatologico proseguono per due anni, ma mangiano, dormono, crescono come tutti i bambini: possono essere vaccinati, mandati al nido e poi all’asilo. In 20 anni abbiamo imparato a non proteggerli inutilmente.
Se dovesse regalarci una loro immagine?
Penso al nostro reparto, tappezzato di foto di neonatini nati “bonsai” ormai cresciuti, rosei e paffuti!
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