Iniziamo oggi un breve viaggio, composto da una serie di tappe, per raccontarvi la Legge 104 del 1992, la Legge-quadro di tutela per l’assistenza, l’integrazione sociale e i diritti delle persone handicappate.
Cos’è l’handicap? E’ una situazione di svantaggio sociale dovuto all’invalidità nel contesto sociale in cui vive la persona malata. Viene riconosciuto da apposite commissioni secondo diversi gradi, ed è considerato “GRAVE” quando comporta un intervento assistenziale permanente, continuativo e globale nella sfera individuale o in quella di relazione.
Con il riconoscimento dell’handicap di un figlio minore, quali diritti acquisiscono i genitori lavoratori? Fino al terzo anno di vita del bambino il genitore può scegliere tra questi benefici: a) due ore di permesso giornaliere retribuite al 100%; b) il prolungamento dei congedi parentali retribuiti al 30% dello stipendio dal primo anno di vita fino al terzo di età del bambino; c) tre giorni mensili di permesso retribuito al 100%, anche frazionabili in mezze giornate. Dopo il terzo anno di vita del bambino il genitore potrà richiedere a) tre giorni mensili di permesso retribuito al 100%, anche frazionabili in ore. Inoltre, senza fissare dei limiti di età per i figli, la legge prevede il congedo straordinario per figli con handicap grave per un periodo complessivo massimo di due anni nell’intera vita lavorativa. Può essere usato in frazioni (giorni e mesi), è retribuito e comprensivo del versamento da parte dell’Azienda dei contributi previdenziali; la retribuzione mensile è pari a quella del mese precedente la domanda, con un tetto annuale massimo, fissato per il 2010, di 43.579,05 euro.
I diritti sono riconosciuti a tutti i genitori? Questi benefici possono essere fruiti da entrambi i genitori solo alternativamente e non contemporaneamente; il Decreto Legislativo n°151 del 2001, all’art. 42, stabilisce che possa beneficiare dei permessi il genitore lavoratore anche quando l’altro genitore non ne abbia diritto.
Elena Volpe
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